2012 June NTA UGC-NET / JRF Previous Year Solved Question Paper, Part -1

Answer: A. Anthropometry

Explanation: Bertillonage is a system of anthropometric measurement and classification developed by French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon. It is synonymous with the term “anthropometry,” which refers to the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body. This method was used for identifying individuals before the advent of fingerprinting.

Answer: A. Arthur Conan Doyle

Explanation: Sherlock Holmes is the famous fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Sherlock Holmes stories, published between 1887 and 1927, are considered milestones in the field of crime fiction and have had a lasting influence on the genre.

Answer: B. Fixed in a bulb holder in wooden box

Explanation: When preserving latent fingerprints on an electric bulb, it is recommended to fix the bulb in a bulb holder within a wooden box. This method ensures the preservation of the delicate fingerprint impressions while providing adequate protection during transportation and storage. Placing the bulb in a cellophane bag may not provide sufficient protection and could potentially damage or compromise the fingerprint evidence.

Answer: D. Anastomosis

Explanation: In fingerprint analysis, a ridge that forks and forms a complete circle before returning to a single ridge is known as an “anastomosis.” This pattern is a distinctive characteristic used in fingerprint identification and classification.

Answer: A. Ahmedabad

Explanation: The Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) is a premier forensic science institution in India, with several regional branches across the country. According to the information provided in the question, a new CFSL has not been established in Ahmedabad, while branches have been set up in cities like Bhopal, Guwahati, and Pune.

Answer: C. Edmond Locard

Explanation: The concept of poroscopy, the study and analysis of pores present in fingerprints, was introduced by Edmond Locard, a pioneering French criminologist. Poroscopy involves the examination of the size, shape, and distribution of sweat pores within fingerprint impressions, which can aid in individual identification.

Answer: B. dermal papillae

Explanation: The layer of cells between the epidermis (outer layer of skin) and the dermis (inner layer of skin) is called the dermal papillae. The dermal papillae are projections of the dermis that extend into the epidermis and play a crucial role in the formation of fingerprint ridges. They are responsible for the unique patterns and details found in fingerprints.

Answer: A. Gas liquid chromatography

Explanation: Salylation is a chemical derivatization technique used in gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. It involves reacting a compound with a salyl chloride reagent to form a derivative that is more volatile and thermally stable. This process improves the separation and detection of the compound during GLC analysis, particularly for polar or non-volatile substances.

Answer: A. Virtual

Explanation: In a compound microscope, the image observed by the viewer is a virtual image. A virtual image is formed when light rays do not actually converge at the location of the image but appear to diverge from a specific point when extended backward. The eyepiece of a compound microscope creates a magnified virtual image of the specimen, allowing the viewer to see it clearly.

Answer: A. Nuclear structure

Explanation: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a powerful analytical technique used to investigate the nuclear structure of atoms and molecules. It relies on the interaction between the magnetic moments of atomic nuclei and an applied magnetic field. NMR spectroscopy provides valuable information about the chemical environment, molecular structure, and dynamics of the sample being studied.

Answer: A. FTIR spectrometery

Explanation: MCT (Mercury Cadmium Telluride) detectors are commonly used in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. These detectors are highly sensitive to infrared radiation and are used to measure the absorption or transmission of infrared light by the sample. FTIR spectroscopy is a valuable technique for identifying and analyzing organic and inorganic compounds based on their unique infrared absorption patterns.

Answer: C. Electromagnets

Explanation: In a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the incident electron beam is focused using electromagnets. The electron beam is generated and accelerated by an electron gun, and then it passes through a series of electromagnetic lenses and apertures to create a focused beam. The electromagnets, by manipulating the magnetic fields, allow for precise control and focusing of the electron beam onto the sample surface.

Answer: C. Micro spectrophotometer

Explanation: A micro spectrophotometer is an instrument that combines microscopy and spectrophotometry capabilities. It allows the user to view a particle or sample under a microscope while simultaneously directing a beam of light onto the particle to obtain its absorption spectrum. This instrument is particularly useful in fields like material science, biology, and forensics, where it is necessary to analyze the optical properties and chemical composition of microscopic samples.

Answer: D. Ruhemann’s purple

Explanation: Ninhydrin is a chemical reagent widely used in forensic science for the detection and visualization of latent fingerprints. When ninhydrin reacts with the amino acids present in the sweat residue of fingerprints, it forms a deep purple compound known as Ruhemann’s purple. This colored compound makes the previously invisible fingerprint patterns visible and allows for their examination and analysis.

Answer: B. Benzidine

Explanation: O-tolidine, also known as 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine, is a derivative of benzidine. Benzidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula C₁₂H₁₂N₂, and O-tolidine is formed by substituting two methyl groups (-CH₃) at the 3 and 3′ positions of the benzidine molecule. O-tolidine is used as a chemical indicator and in various analytical applications.

Answer: D. Electrophoresis

Explanation: Serum protein polymorphism, which refers to the variation in the types and amounts of proteins present in the serum (the liquid component of blood), is typically demonstrated using electrophoresis techniques. Electrophoresis separates and analyzes proteins based on their charge and molecular weight, allowing for the identification and quantification of different protein fractions in the serum sample.

Answer: B. Electrophoresis

Explanation: Electrophoresis is a widely used technique for identifying and analyzing enzymes present in blood samples. Different enzymes have unique charges and molecular weights, which allow them to separate and form distinct bands when subjected to an electric field during electrophoresis. By comparing the banding patterns with known standards, specific enzymes can be identified and their levels can be quantified.

Answer: D. 3 1 4 2

Explanation: The correct matching of the fingerprint pattern types and their descriptions is as follows:

(I) Central loop (3) Contains one loop core and two delta

(II) Arches (1) Contains no pocket

(III) Twinned loop (4) Contains two pocket loops opening at opposite sides

(IV) Lateral pocket loop (2) Contains two loops opening on the same side

This matching is based on the standard terminology and classifications used in fingerprint analysis.

Answer: C. Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.

Explanation: In disputed paternity and maternity cases, it is possible to determine the blood group of the child through genetic testing. Blood groups are inherited according to Mendelian laws of inheritance, following specific patterns. By analyzing the blood groups of the child and the alleged parents, investigators can establish or exclude biological relationships. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason provided in the question are incorrect.

Answer: D. Ottenberg

Explanation: The application of ABO blood group analysis in disputed paternity cases was first introduced by Reuben Ottenberg in 1923. Ottenberg recognized the potential of using ABO blood group inheritance patterns to establish or exclude paternity. This pioneering work laid the foundation for the forensic use of blood group typing in paternity testing and other kinship investigations.

Answer: C. Allele

Explanation: Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that exist at a particular locus (genetic location) on a chromosome. Different alleles can produce variations in observable traits or characteristics, known as phenotypes. Individuals can have two copies of the same allele (homozygous) or different alleles (heterozygous) for a particular gene. The study of alleles and their inheritance patterns is crucial in genetics and forensic DNA analysis.

Answer: A. Ethyl Alcohol

Explanation: The Kozelka and Hine method is a widely used technique for the quantitative estimation of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in biological samples, such as blood or urine. This method involves oxidizing ethanol to acetic acid and then titrating the acetic acid with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution. The amount of ethyl alcohol present in the sample can be calculated based on the amount of sodium hydroxide required for neutralization.

Answer: A. Fujiwara Test

Explanation: The Fujiwara test, also known as the pyridine-pyridine reagent test, is a color test used for the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated and brominated compounds. It involves treating the sample with pyridine and an alkali, which produces a characteristic color change if halogenated hydrocarbons are present. This test is commonly used in forensic drug analysis and environmental testing.

Answer: A. Amanita phalloides

Explanation: Amanita phalloides, commonly known as the death cap mushroom, is one of the most poisonous mushroom species in the world. Ingesting this mushroom can lead to severe liver failure and potentially fatal consequences. The other options provided (Morchella esculenta, Boletus edulis, and Cantharellus cibarius) are edible mushroom species that are generally considered safe for consumption.

Answer: D. Cocaine

Explanation: The Scott’s test, also known as the modified Dille-Koppanyi test, is a color test used specifically for the detection of cocaine and its metabolites. It involves treating the sample with cobalt thiocyanate and chloroform, which produces a characteristic blue color in the presence of cocaine. This test is widely employed in forensic drug analysis and toxicology laboratories.

Answer: A. Cannabinoids

Explanation: The active ingredients found in cannabis plants, responsible for their psychoactive and physiological effects, are collectively known as cannabinoids. The most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system in the human body, producing various effects. The term “cannabinoids” is the accepted scientific term for these active components found in cannabis.

Answer: A. Acetic anhydride

Explanation: Acetic anhydride is the acetylating reagent used in the synthesis of heroin from morphine. The process involves reacting morphine with acetic anhydride, which introduces acetyl groups to form diacetylmorphine, commonly known as heroin. Acetic anhydride is a highly reactive compound that facilitates the acetylation reaction, converting morphine into the more potent and lipophilic heroin compound.

Answer: A. Weight/volume percent

Explanation: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is typically measured in weight/volume percent (w/v %). This unit represents the weight of alcohol (in grams) present in a given volume of blood (in milliliters). For example, a BAC of 0.08% means that there are 0.08 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. The weight/volume percentage is the standard unit used in forensic toxicology and legal contexts for measuring and reporting blood alcohol levels.

Answer: A. Concealment of birth

Explanation: The detection of colostrum, the first milk produced by the breasts after childbirth, is essential in cases involving the concealment of birth. Colostrum analysis can provide evidence that a woman has recently given birth, which is crucial in investigating cases where a newborn baby has been abandoned or the birth has been concealed. The presence of colostrum can help establish the fact of childbirth and support legal proceedings related to concealment of birth cases.

Answer: C. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Explanation: The correct matching of the substances and their corresponding sources is as follows:

(a) P30 (iv) Semen

(b) Creatine (iii) Urine

(c) Ptyaline (ii) Saliva

(d) PGM (i) Blood

P30 is a protein found in semen, creatine is a waste product present in urine, ptyaline (alpha-amylase) is an enzyme found in saliva, and PGM (phosphoglucomutase) is an enzyme marker present in blood.

Answer: D. Amylase

Explanation: The Radial Diffusion Test is a method used for the detection and quantification of amylase, an enzyme present in various bodily fluids, including saliva, blood, and semen. In this test, a sample is placed in a gel containing a substrate for amylase. As the amylase diffuses radially through the gel, it hydrolyzes the substrate, forming a clear zone around the sample well. The size of this clear zone is proportional to the amylase concentration in the sample, allowing for quantitative analysis.

Answer: A. Thick cortex and thin medulla

Explanation: When human hair is examined under a microscope, it typically reveals a thick cortex and a thin medulla. The cortex is the main structural component of the hair shaft, made up of tightly packed elongated cells that provide strength and elasticity. The medulla, on the other hand, is a narrow central core composed of loosely arranged cells or air spaces. The relative thickness of the cortex and thinness of the medulla is a characteristic feature of human hair that aids in its identification and differentiation from other hair types.

Answer: B. Blue

Explanation: In the starch-iodine test, the addition of iodine solution to a starch sample produces a distinctive blue-black color. This color change occurs due to the formation of a starch-iodine complex, where the iodine molecules are trapped within the coiled structure of the starch molecules. The intensity of the blue color is proportional to the amount of starch present in the sample. This test is widely used in various fields, including forensics, food analysis, and biology, to detect the presence and estimate the concentration of starch.

Answer: A. Abrasion

Explanation: The accumulation of epithelial skin tags, also known as abrasion collars or abrasion risers, is a characteristic feature observed in abrasion wounds. Abrasions are injuries caused by the forcible removal of the superficial layers of skin due to rough contact with a surface. At the end of an abrasion, the shearing forces can cause the detached skin to roll up or accumulate, forming these epithelial skin tags or abrasion collars. This phenomenon is not typically seen in incised wounds, split lacerations, or chop wounds, which have different injury mechanisms.

Answer: D. 2 3 4 1

Explanation: The correct matching of the paint constituents and their descriptions is as follows:

(I) Vehicle (2) Pigment distribution

(II) Lacquer (3) Fast-drying coatings

(III) Varnish (4) Solution of drying oils and resins in organic solvents

(IV) Plasticizer (1) Used in a polymer to increase its flexibility

The vehicle is responsible for dispersing and binding the pigments in a paint formulation. Lacquers are fast-drying coatings used for decorative and protective purposes. Varnishes are solutions of resins and drying oils in organic solvents, providing a protective and glossy finish. Plasticizers are added to polymers to increase their flexibility and workability.

Answer: C. Hand Grenade

Explanation: A hand grenade is a commercially manufactured explosive device used by military and law enforcement personnel. It is not considered an improvised explosive device (IED), which refers to homemade explosives constructed from readily available materials. Pipe bombs, letter bombs, and acid bulbs are examples of IEDs, as they are assembled from non-conventional components and materials. Hand grenades, on the other hand, are standardized and mass-produced explosives designed for specific purposes.

Answer: A. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Explanation: The correct matching of the substances and their corresponding descriptions is as follows:

(a) Antimony Sulphate (iv) Primer (used in firearms for igniting propellant)

(b) Cordite (iii) Double base smokeless powder (propellant used in firearms)

(c) Gun cotton (ii) Nitrocellulose powder (explosive material)

(d) Dynamite (i) Nitroglycerine (explosive compound)

Antimony Sulphate is a component of primers used in firearms to initiate the ignition of propellants. Cordite is a double-base smokeless powder used as a propellant.