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Mock Test 21
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Mock Test 19
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Mock Test 17
Question 1: Which forensic technique is most suitable for identifying a person using dental records?
- A. Odontology
- B. Palynology
- C. Entomology
- D. Toxicology
Answer
Answer: A. Odontology
Explanation: Forensic odontology involves the analysis of dental evidence, such as teeth patterns, for human identification.
Question 2: The Becke line test is used in forensic science to determine:
- A. Refractive index
- B. DNA profile
- C. Blood type
- D. Hair structure
Answer
Answer: A. Refractive index
Explanation: The Becke line test helps determine the refractive index of transparent materials like glass or fibers under a microscope.
Question 3: Which drug is known as the “date rape drug”?
- A. Cocaine
- B. GHB
- C. Heroin
- D. Methamphetamine
Answer
Answer: B. GHB
Explanation: Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a central nervous system depressant commonly referred to as a “date rape drug.”
Question 4: Which chemical is commonly used for the development of latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces?
- A. Ninhydrin
- B. Superglue (Cyanoacrylate)
- C. Silver nitrate
- D. Amido Black
Answer
Answer: B. Superglue (Cyanoacrylate)
Explanation: Cyanoacrylate fuming reacts with moisture in latent prints, creating a white polymer visible on non-porous surfaces.
Question 5: In forensic anthropology, which bone is most commonly used to estimate stature?
- A. Femur
- B. Radius
- C. Humerus
- D. Ulna
Answer
Answer: A. Femur
Explanation: The femur is the longest bone in the human body, making it the most reliable for estimating height.
Question 6: The luminol test is used to detect:
- A. Gunshot residue
- B. Blood
- C. Seminal fluid
- D. Hair
Answer
Answer: B. Blood
Explanation: Luminol reacts with hemoglobin to produce a blue chemiluminescence, indicating the presence of blood.
Question 7: Which type of evidence is considered the most reliable for human identification?
- A. Dental records
- B. DNA
- C. Fingerprints
- D. Blood type
Answer
Answer: B. DNA
Explanation: DNA provides unique genetic profiles for individual identification, making it the most reliable form of forensic evidence.
Question 8: The term “chain of custody” refers to:
- A. Procedures for arresting a suspect
- B. Documentation of evidence handling
- C. Protocols for crime scene photography
- D. Steps in autopsy examination
Answer
Answer: B. Documentation of evidence handling
Explanation: Chain of custody ensures proper documentation of evidence transfer and storage to maintain its integrity.
Question 9: What is the primary purpose of a forensic autopsy?
- A. Determine cause of death
- B. Identify the deceased
- C. Collect toxicological evidence
- D. All of the above
Answer
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: A forensic autopsy aims to determine cause and manner of death, identify the deceased, and collect evidence.
Question 10: The Controlled Substances Act categorizes drugs based on:
- A. Medical use and abuse potential
- B. Cost and accessibility
- C. Manufacturer
- D. Route of administration
Answer
Answer: A. Medical use and abuse potential
Explanation: Drugs are classified into schedules under the Controlled Substances Act based on their medical use and potential for abuse.
Question 11: Which method is used to measure the alcohol content in blood?
- A. Gas chromatography
- B. Spectrophotometry
- C. PCR
- D. Electrophoresis
Answer
Answer: A. Gas chromatography
Explanation: Gas chromatography is the most accurate method to measure blood alcohol concentration in forensic analysis.
Question 12: In forensic toxicology, the term “LD50” refers to:
- A. Lowest dose of a substance
- B. Dose lethal to 50% of a population
- C. Maximum safe dose
- D. Median effective dose
Answer
Answer: B. Dose lethal to 50% of a population
Explanation: LD50 indicates the dose of a substance that is lethal to 50% of the test population, used in toxicology studies.
Question 13: What is the main function of the mitochondrial DNA in forensic analysis?
- A. Individual identification
- B. Maternal lineage tracing
- C. Determining age
- D. Predicting eye color
Answer
Answer: B. Maternal lineage tracing
Explanation: Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally and is useful in tracing maternal lineage, especially when nuclear DNA is degraded.
Question 14: Which technique is best for the analysis of gunshot residue (GSR)?
- A. UV Spectroscopy
- B. Thin Layer Chromatography
- C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
- D. Gas Chromatography
Answer
Answer: C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Explanation: SEM coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) provides detailed morphology and elemental composition of GSR particles.
Question 15: Which protein is primarily targeted in the confirmatory test for blood?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Myoglobin
- C. Albumin
- D. Fibrinogen
Answer
Answer: A. Hemoglobin
Explanation: Confirmatory tests for blood target hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Question 16: Which of the following is a presumptive test for saliva?
- A. Phadebas test
- B. Takayama test
- C. Teichmann test
- D. Duquenois-Levine test
Answer
Answer: A. Phadebas test
Explanation: The Phadebas test detects the presence of amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, making it a common presumptive test.
Question 17: Which method is used to determine post-mortem interval using insects?
- A. Forensic pathology
- B. Forensic anthropology
- C. Forensic entomology
- D. Forensic odontology
Answer
Answer: C. Forensic entomology
Explanation: Forensic entomology uses the study of insect life cycles and succession to estimate the time since death.
Question 18: Which light source is most effective in visualizing latent prints on multicolored surfaces?
- A. UV light
- B. Blue light
- C. Infrared light
- D. Laser light
Answer
Answer: A. UV light
Explanation: Uv light can enhance the fluorescence of treated latent prints, especially on complex backgrounds.
Question 19: The technique used for species identification through DNA is called:
- A. DNA fingerprinting
- B. DNA barcoding
- C. STR analysis
- D. Y-STR typing
Answer
Answer: B. DNA barcoding
Explanation: DNA barcoding uses a short genetic marker from a standardized region to identify species.
Question 20: Which test is used for detecting nitrate residues in gunshot cases?
- A. Kastle-Meyer test
- B. Greiss test
- C. Benzidine test
- D. Duquenois-Levine test
Answer
Answer: B. Greiss test
Explanation: The Greiss test is a colorimetric test used to detect nitrate compounds in gunshot residue.
Question 21: What is the primary forensic use of diatoms?
- A. Determining time of death
- B. Estimating age
- C. Diagnosing poisoning
- D. Drowning investigation
Answer
Answer: D. Drowning investigation
Explanation: Presence of diatoms in the organs of a drowned body helps confirm drowning as cause of death.
Question 22: What is the full form of NIBIN?
- A. National Integrated Ballistics Information Network
- B. National Investigation of Biometric Identification Network
- C. National Inventory of Bullet Imaging Network
- D. National Institute of Ballistic and Imaging Network
Answer
Answer: A. National Integrated Ballistics Information Network
Explanation: NIBIN is used in the U.S. for comparing ballistic evidence to link crimes involving firearms.
Question 23: Which pigment is responsible for the greenish discoloration in decomposing bodies?
- A. Melanin
- B. Hemoglobin
- C. Biliverdin
- D. Keratin
Answer
Answer: C. Biliverdin
Explanation: Biliverdin forms from the breakdown of hemoglobin and causes greenish discoloration during putrefaction.
Question 24: What is the primary basis of forensic palynology?
- A. Bone density
- B. Pollen and spores
- C. Tooth eruption
- D. Skull morphology
Answer
Answer: B. Pollen and spores
Explanation: Forensic palynology is the study of pollen and spores to connect a suspect or object to a particular location or time.
Question 25: Which test is used for detecting marijuana?
- A. Duquenois-Levine test
- B. Marquis test
- C. Scott test
- D. Liebermann test
Answer
Answer: A. Duquenois-Levine test
Explanation: The Duquenois-Levine test is a color test used to detect the presence of marijuana.
Question 26: What part of a hair is most useful for nuclear DNA analysis?
- A. Cuticle
- B. Cortex
- C. Medulla
- D. Root
Answer
Answer: D. Root
Explanation: The root of the hair contains nucleated cells which are essential for nuclear DNA analysis.
Question 27: What is the ideal method to visualize tool marks on metallic surfaces?
- A. UV light
- B. Magnetic powder
- C. Oblique lighting
- D. Cyanoacrylate fuming
Answer
Answer: C. Oblique lighting
Explanation: Oblique lighting reveals surface details and striations on metal surfaces, making it useful for tool mark analysis.
Question 28: Which type of fingerprint pattern has no delta?
- A. Loop
- B. Whorl
- C. Arch
- D. Tented Arch
Answer
Answer: C. Arch
Explanation: Arch patterns typically lack deltas and cores, distinguishing them from loops and whorls.
Question 29: Which element is commonly found in primer residue?
- A. Calcium
- B. Zinc
- C. Lead
- D. Iron
Answer
Answer: C. Lead
Explanation: Primer residue often contains lead, barium, and antimony from the ignition compound.
Question 30: What is the main use of capillary electrophoresis in forensic DNA analysis?
- A. DNA extraction
- B. DNA quantification
- C. DNA amplification
- D. DNA separation
Answer
Answer: D. DNA separation
Explanation: Capillary electrophoresis is used for separating amplified DNA fragments based on size during STR analysis.
Question 31: Which method is commonly used to preserve digital evidence?
- A. Hashing
- B. Cloning
- C. Encryption
- D. Formatting
Answer
Answer: B. Cloning
Explanation: Cloning creates an exact bit-by-bit copy of a digital device, preserving the original evidence.
Question 32: What is the purpose of luminol in forensic investigations?
- A. Detect latent fingerprints
- B. Identify drug residues
- C. Reveal blood traces
- D. Analyze DNA
Answer
Answer: C. Reveal blood traces
Explanation: Luminol reacts with the iron in hemoglobin to produce a luminescent glow, revealing latent blood traces.
Question 33: In forensic accounting, what does ‘red flag’ indicate?
- A. A legal audit
- B. Suspicious activity
- C. Tax compliance
- D. Budget approval
Answer
Answer: B. Suspicious activity
Explanation: A red flag refers to a warning sign of potential fraud or financial irregularity.
Question 34: What does the acronym AFIS stand for?
- A. Automated Fingerprint Identification System
- B. Advanced Forensic Imaging Software
- C. Automated Facial Identification System
- D. Authentication Fingerprint Information Server
Answer
Answer: A. Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Explanation: AFIS is a biometric identification system that stores and compares fingerprint data for identification purposes.
Question 35: Which bone is most commonly used in stature estimation?
- A. Femur
- B. Tibia
- C. Humerus
- D. Radius
Answer
Answer: A. Femur
Explanation: The femur is the longest and strongest bone and provides reliable data for estimating an individual’s height.
Question 36: What is the role of EDTA in blood collection tubes?
- A. Stabilizer
- B. Coagulant
- C. Preservative
- D. Anticoagulant
Answer
Answer: D. Anticoagulant
Explanation: EDTA binds calcium ions, preventing blood clotting and preserving the sample for analysis.
Question 37: Which organ is typically first to show post-mortem changes?
- A. Brain
- B. Liver
- C. Heart
- D. Kidneys
Answer
Answer: B. Liver
Explanation: Due to its high enzyme content and central metabolic role, the liver often shows early autolytic changes after death.
Question 38: What is the main application of the Teichmann test?
- A. Confirming semen presence
- B. Detecting drugs
- C. Identifying blood crystals
- D. Analyzing ink
Answer
Answer: C. Identifying blood crystals
Explanation: The Teichmann test forms hemin crystals in the presence of blood, used as a confirmatory test for blood.
Question 39: Which forensic technique uses radioisotopes for analysis?
- A. Gas Chromatography
- B. Mass Spectrometry
- C. Neutron Activation Analysis
- D. UV Spectroscopy
Answer
Answer: C. Neutron Activation Analysis
Explanation: This technique irradiates samples with neutrons and measures resulting gamma rays to identify elements.
Question 40: Which of the following disciplines focuses on bite mark analysis?
- A. Forensic Entomology
- B. Forensic Odontology
- C. Forensic Serology
- D. Forensic Ballistics
Answer
Answer: B. Forensic Odontology
Explanation: Forensic odontologists analyze dental evidence including bite marks for identification purposes.
Question 41: Which technique is best suited for detecting invisible ink on documents?
- A. UV light examination
- B. Infrared photography
- C. Thin Layer Chromatography
- D. Electrostatic detection
Answer
Answer: A. UV light examination
Explanation: Many invisible inks fluoresce under UV light, revealing hidden writing.
Question 42: What is the main component analyzed in breath alcohol testing?
- A. Ethanol
- B. Methanol
- C. Acetone
- D. Propanol
Answer
Answer: A. Ethanol
Explanation: Breath analyzers detect ethanol levels to estimate blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
Question 43: What does ridge ending refer to in fingerprint analysis?
- A. Start of a ridge
- B. End of a ridge line
- C. A dot on the fingerprint
- D. Fork in a ridge line
Answer
Answer: B. End of a ridge line
Explanation: Ridge endings are minutiae points where the friction ridge ends, used for identification.
Question 44: Which test is used for detecting semen in forensic examination?
- A. Takayama test
- B. Acid phosphatase test
- C. Kastle-Meyer test
- D. Benzidine test
Answer
Answer: B. Acid phosphatase test
Explanation: This test detects high levels of acid phosphatase, an enzyme found in seminal fluid.
Question 45: Which of the following is a confirmatory test for blood?
- A. Luminol test
- B. Kastle-Meyer test
- C. Takayama test
- D. Acid phosphatase test
Answer
Answer: C. Takayama test
Explanation: The Takayama test produces hemochromogen crystals, confirming the presence of blood.
Question 46: What kind of evidence is hair without follicular tag?
- A. Class evidence
- B. Individual evidence
- C. Trace evidence
- D. Exculpatory evidence
Answer
Answer: A. Class evidence
Explanation: Hair without the root or follicle cannot be linked to an individual with certainty and is considered class evidence.
Question 47: What is the function of a comparison microscope?
- A. To enlarge bullets
- B. To analyze paint
- C. To compare side-by-side samples
- D. To identify ink types
Answer
Answer: C. To compare side-by-side samples
Explanation: Comparison microscopes allow simultaneous viewing of two samples, useful in bullet and fiber comparisons.
Question 48: What type of fracture is most common in cases of child abuse?
- A. Spiral fracture
- B. Greenstick fracture
- C. Comminuted fracture
- D. Transverse fracture
Answer
Answer: B. Greenstick fracture
Explanation: Greenstick fractures are incomplete fractures commonly seen in children due to the flexibility of their bones and are often indicators of abuse when found in unusual locations.
Question 49: Which technique is commonly used for age estimation in teeth?
- A. DNA methylation
- B. Cementum annulation
- C. Root transparency
- D. Radiocarbon dating
Answer
Answer: B. Cementum annulation
Explanation: Cementum annulation involves counting the growth layers in tooth cementum, which correlate with age, making it a reliable age estimation technique.
Question 50: What is the role of mitochondrial DNA in forensic analysis?
- A. It determines gender
- B. It identifies species
- C. It is used in maternal lineage tracing
- D. It reveals genetic disorders
Answer
Answer: C. It is used in maternal lineage tracing
Explanation: Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally and is especially useful in degraded samples where nuclear DNA is not available, allowing identification through maternal relatives.