| Category of Toxic Substance | Example | Forensic Detection Method | Instrument/Technique |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic (Metals) | Arsenic Trioxide | Marsh Test, Reinsch Test | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) |
| Lead (Metals) | Lead Acetate | Colorimetric Analysis | Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) |
| Mercury (Metals) | Methylmercury | Spot Test, Cold Vapor Method | AAS, Gas Chromatography |
| Carbon Monoxide | Combustion Byproducts | Carboxyhemoglobin Analysis | Gas Chromatography (GC) |
| Cyanide | Potassium Cyanide | Pyridine-Barbituric Acid Test | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry |
| Organophosphates | Malathion | Cholinesterase Inhibition Test | High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) |
| Barbiturates | Phenobarbital | Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | GC-MS |
| Alkaloids | Nicotine, Morphine | Dragendorff’s Test, Marquis Test | GC-MS, FTIR |
| Alcohol | Ethanol | Breathalyzer, Enzyme Assay | Gas Chromatography |
| Herbicides | Paraquat | Dithionite Reduction Test | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry |
| Insecticides | DDT | Immunoassay, Chromatography | GC-MS |
| Aflatoxins | Mycotoxins | ELISA | HPLC |
| Strychnine | Strychnos nux-vomica | Colorimetric Tests | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry |
| Ricin | Castor Beans | ELISA, Agglutination Test | Mass Spectrometry |
| Amanitins | Amanita Mushrooms | Liquid Chromatography | LC-MS/MS |
| Polonium-210 | Radioactive Isotope | Alpha Spectrometry | Geiger Counter |
| Ethylene Glycol | Antifreeze | Chromatographic Techniques | GC-MS |
| Warfarin | Rodenticide | Coagulation Time Analysis | Chromatography |
| Fentanyl (Opioids) | Fentanyl Citrate | Immunoassay, LC-MS | HPLC |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) | Industrial Chemicals | Chromatography | GC-MS |
| Sarin (Nerve Agent) | Sarin Gas | Cholinesterase Activity Test | GC-MS, FTIR |
| Batrachotoxin | Poison Dart Frogs | Mass Spectrometry | HPLC, LC-MS |
| Botulinum Toxin | Clostridium Botulinum | Mouse Bioassay, PCR | ELISA, Chromatography |
| Thallium | Thallium Salts | Spot Test | ICP-MS |
| Fluoride | Sodium Fluoride | Ion-Selective Electrode | Potentiometer |
| Chloroform | Trichloromethane | Chromatographic Techniques | GC-MS |
| Nicotine | Tobacco Products | Colorimetric Test, Chromatography | GC-MS |
| Dioxins | Environmental Pollutants | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry | HRGC/HRMS |
| Acetaminophen Overdose | Paracetamol | N-Acetylcysteine Test | HPLC |
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